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: ''Not to be mistaken with Irish or Marxist-Leninist People's Democracy. For the Italian party see Popular Democracy (United Left). For the Ecuatorian party see Christian Democratic Union (Ecuador)'' Popular democracy is a notion of direct democracy based on referendums and other devices of empowerment and concretization of popular will. The concept evolved out of the political philosophy of Populism, as a fully democratic version of this popular empowerment ideology, but since it has become independent of it, and some even discuss if they are antagonistic or unrelated now (see Values). Though the expression has been used since the 19th century and may be applied to English Civil War politics, at least the notion (or the notion in its current form) is deemed recent and only recently got fully developed. == Early usages of the terms and/or the concept == Some figures, like TV documentary producer, director and writer Colin Thomas, see the Levellers, resistance of groups to both the Stuart monarchy and Oliver Cromwell’s English Republic as early popular democracy advocacy groups. Thomas sees the line of this early popular democracy going through the dissenting church, to the American Revolutionaries and later British trade unionism.〔(Off With Their Heads – Bristol Radical History Week 2008 ), Bristol Radical History Group, section ''The Levellers Are Dead – Long Live The Levellers! – Colin Thomas''〕 Thomas Paine's Common Sense is sometimes considered to defend a form of popular democracy.〔(Common Sense: The Rhetoric of Popular Democracy ), A We The People Resource, EDSITEment!.neh.org〕 Andrew Jackson was considered a defendant of popular democracy as a politician and president,〔(Jacksonian Era ), American History.About.com〕〔(JACKSON COMES TO POWER: THE ELECTION OF 1828 )〕〔''The Reader's Companion to American History'', ed. Eric Foner, John Arthur Garraty, Society of American Historians, Houghton-Mifflin, 1991, section "JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY"〕 and his presidency is considered as having made the transition from republic (Jeffersonian democracy) to popular democracy (Jacksonian democracy) in the United States〔(American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House, by Jon Meacham ), Powell's.com〕 Walt Whitman uses the word in ''Democratic Vistas'' as description of the vague notion of masse democracy with universal suffrage of a more or less direct and participatory type he defended. He admitted that the system had some dangers, but it "practically justifies itself beyond the proudest claims and wildest hopes of its enthusiasts".〔(What Whitman Knew ), David Brooks, fourteenth paragraph〕 William Jennings Bryan may be considered a popular democrat for his support of a democracy based on popular sovereignty.〔(Where Did the Party Go?: William Jennings Bryan, Hubert Humphrey, and the Jeffersonian Legacy ), Jeff Taylor, University of Missouri Press, 2006〕 Teddy Roosevelt is considered a defender of a popular democrat insurgency against big business and elitism.〔(Insurgency campaigns and the quest for popular democracy: Theodore Roosevelt, Eugene McCarthy, and party monopolies )〕 In the end of the first half of the 20th century, the Christian democratic parties preferred the term "popular democrats" to Christian democrats.〔(The Christian Democrat International ), Roberto Papini, page 32〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「popular democracy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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